Blueprints · 1897
Mauser C96 — US Patent 584,479 (1897)
Original US patent drawings for the C96 firing mechanism and lockwork.
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Blueprints · 1897
Original US patent drawings for the C96 firing mechanism and lockwork.
( No Model.) 3 Sheets Sheet 1, P, MAUSER RECOIL OPERATED FIREARM, Patented June 15, 1897, //v ve my roa: %l? fisi 222222222222222222222232 (No Model.) P. MAUSER, RECOIL OPERATED FIREARM, No. 584,479. 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. Patented June 15, 1897, W W R Z Ss ŽN N ( , ??|| Ava fava SS as S. NN (No Model.) P, MAUSER, 3 sheets-Sheet 3. RECOIL, OPERATED FREARM, No. 584,479. Patented June 15, 1897. 22 ? ? MAvva M 7OA UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. PAUL MAUSER, OF OBERNDORF, GERMIANY. RECO | L- O PERATEO FIREARV . SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 584,479, dated June 15, 1897. Application filed February 14, 1896, Serial No. 579,263, (No model.) Patented in Germany December 11, 1895, No. 90,430 in Switzerland January 9, 1896, No. 11,943; in Belgium January 9, 1896, No. 119,462; in France January 10, 1896, No. 253,098 in England January 14, 1896, No. 959; in Norway January 22, 1896, No. 4,780; in Hungary February 29, 1896, No. 5,675; in Austria March 11, 1896, No, 46/903; in Italy March 31, 1896, No. 40,594/362; in Spain May 9, 1896, No. 18,582 in Brazil July 28, 1896, No, 2,088, and in Denmark January 19, 1897, No. 925, To a 77, 7th on, it naty concern; plied to a repeating pistol, but it will be un Be it known that I, PAUL MAUSER, manu derstood that it may be applied to other kinds facturer of guns, a subject of the King of of arms-such, for example, as any automatic Wilrtenberg, residing in Oberndorf-on-the Or semiautomatic hand-firearms. Neckar, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg and In the drawings, Figure 1 is a fragmentary Empire of Germany, have invented certain Vertical longitudinal section through a locked 55 new and useful Improvements in Repeating and bolt-locked firearm, the parts being in Magazine-Firearms, of which the following is the position occupied at the moment of firing. a Specification. Fig. 2 is a similar view, but showing the I. ? This invention is the subject-matter of Let breech opened and the hammer cocked. Fig. ters Patent in Germany, No. 90,430, dated 3 is a cross-section drawn on the line I 1 of ?? December 11, 1895; in Great Britain, No. 959, Fig. 1 and looking rearwardly. Fig. 4 is a dated January 14, 1896; in Switzerland, No. side view of the barrel withdrawn from the 11,943, dated January 9, 1896; in Belgium, lock-case and showing a longitudinal verti No. 1 19,462, dated January 9, 1896; in France, cal Section of the receiver and the locked No. 253,098, dated January 10, 1896; in Spain, breech-bolt. Fig. 5 is an under side view of No. 1S,5S2, dated May 9, 1896; in Norway, the barrel. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary longitu No. 4,780, dated January 22, 1896; in Italy, dinal vertical section through the lock-case No. 40,594/362, dated March 31, 1896; in and the cartridge-magazine. Fig. 7 is a plan 2 ? IBrazil, No. 2,0SS, dated July 28, 1896; in of the same. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal verti Austria, No. 46/903, dated March 11, 1896; cal section through the lock. Figs. 9 and 10 7 ? in II ungary, No. 5, 675, dated February 29, are opposite side views of the same; and Figs. 1896, and in Denmark, No. 925, dated Janu 11 to 19, inclusive, are views showing details. The essential parts of the improved firearm 25 This invention relates to firearms; and the are the following: first, the barrel A, the rear main object of the invention is to provide an end of which serves as a receiver a to the 75 improved magazine repeating firearm with a breech-bolt and the bolt-locking block; sec movable barrel in which the recoil caused Ond, the lock-case B, which serves at the same by the shot is used to unlock and open the time as a cartridge-magazine B', and is pro breech to eject the empty cartridge-case and vided at its upper edges with ribs a to guide to cock the firing mechanism as well as to the movable barrel; third, the part C, which compress a number of springs arranged in contains the firing and securing mechanism such a manner as to effect the loading of a and is coupled to the barrel through means of fresh cartridge, the relocking of the breech the locking-block c, so as to bring the latter 35 and locking of the bolt, and the advancing under the influence of the mainspring and movement of the barrel. Upon these prin thereby cause by the rearward movement of ciples, which are already partly known, I the barrel the unlocking of the breech-bolt. have devised a magazine-firearm in which all As previously stated, the function of the previous experiences in respect to this class improved firearm is based upon the known of arm have been carefully taken into con principle of using the recoil to move the barrel. sideration, not only with regard to its bal The mechanical action performed by the rear 9c. lastic qualities, but especially by the peculiar Ward-moving barrel is only a preliminary one skilful construction of the component parts and serves to unlock the breech-bolt and to and the manner of connecting them without cock the gun, but at the same time by the 45 the aid of screws, whereby the improved fire great velocity of the rearward movement of arm is in every way well adapted for mili the barrel, and in spite of the relatively small 95 tary purposes. distance traveled by the same, such a mo The invention will be described, and is illus mentum is given to the breech-bolt as to en trated in the accompanying drawings, as ap able the latter to overcome the resistance of ary 1, 1897. 2 t84,479 its restoring-spring and to fully open the of the bolt-locking block c forms or has at its breech and eject the empty cartridge-case. upper side a locking-nipple c', which projects The loading of a fresh cartridge, the locking through a suitable hole (in the bottom of the - and bolt-locking of the breech, the forward breech-case a and enters the recess bin the movement of the barrel, and finally the firing breech-bolt b, and thereby secures the latter are effected, as above stated, partly by the re closed, while the lower rear end of the locking , storing-spring and partly by the mainspring, block c is provided with a tailpiece c, which which springs were both compressed by the at the forward movement of the barrel comes 75 recoiling parts of the firearm at the moment into contact with an inclined surface Cof the I. ? of firing. part c, which causes it to move upward, and The preferred forms and arrangements of thus causes the nipple c' to enter the recess the improvements incident to the present in b before the barrel. A can be pushed forward vention and their operations with respect to into the firing position. Upon this condition the purposes set forth will now be explained the proper functions of the arm depend, as it is impossible, on the one hand, to fire the in detail, as follows: The barrel A is formed with or has at its arm unless the barrel has been fully returned rear part (see Figs. 4 and 5) the receiver a, to its initial or firing position, and as, On the in which a sliding bolt b of suitable cross-sec other hand, if the barrel had stopped behind tion is placed. The receiver is provided with after the firing it could not make the before 2 ? means to receive the locking-block c, serving mentioned backward movement, which is nec to lock the breech-bolt, and with guides or essary to put the arum in a condition ready for grooves Ct' for the coupling of the barrel to the lock-case 3 and to enable the barrel to As the closing of the breech and the for 9 O slide thereon. ward movement of the barrel are caused, re The bolt b is shown in square cross-section spectively, by the action of two separately and has a central bore (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and operating springs-viz., the restoring-spiring 4) to receive the firing-pin b" and the restor U° and the mainspring d-it will be necessary ing-spring U. The forward part of the bolt is to make the functions of the latter spring de provided with a cartridge-shell extractor b8 pend on the former spring in such manner at the rear under part, with a notch or recess that the breech must be closed before the bar of for the locking-block c, and flanked in front rel can be pushed forward. For this purpose by a nose U and in rear by a nose b, serving8 a catch cis provided at, in, or on the rear end. to receive the locking-block c to lock the of the locking-block c, between the locking I QQ nipple, c' and the tailpiece c, which catch, 35 As shown at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a hollow pro projecting rearward, is constantly under the jection or pin (t, fixed to the receiver, projects pressure of a small spiral spring c and kept into the holio winterior l) of the breech-bolt with its nose c against the under side of the through an opening U in the side thereof receiver C, thus preventing the upward move and Serves as an abutment for one end of the ment of the locking-block until the breech restoring-spring U*, the other end of which bolt, t, at its advancing movement, caused by presses against the front end of the interior tlhe restoring-spring bº, abouts its cocking-nose of the breech-bolt, thus holding the latter in b against the projection c of the catch c, a closed position by its pressure. The firing whereby the latter is pressed back into the I I. ? pin b' has at its front end two reductions in locking-block c, so as to release the nose c' 45 diameter U and U", and has a small spiral from the receiver, whereupon the upward spring b, surrounding its portion t, by which movement of the locking-block, as well as the it is held back behind the closing face or plate advancing movement of the barrel, can be ef b of the breech-bolt b, so that it shall not fected in proper order. I I5 touch the cap of the cartridge except when it IIaving thus far explained the peculiar fea is pushed for Wald by means of the hammer tures of the improved firearm with respect to D. The rear end of the firing-pin is provided the functions of the movable barrel and to with a collar l', which abuts against a cap or the opening and closing and locking of the closing-bar b, having a milled handle carried breech-bolt, I will now proceed to describe the On, coupled to, or slid over the rear end of manner in which the mainspring d causes the 55 the breech-bolt, thus closing the latter at its advancing movement of the barrel, as well as rear end. This cap or closing-bar is held in the special arrangements of the lock in con its position by the rear end of the firing-pin nection both with the whole mechanism and projecting into Or through its recess U18 and with the mode of fixing the same within the I 25 Out of the breech-bolt, when its end can be lock-case. ?? struck by the hammer D. As shown by Figs. S, 9, and 10, the lock of The locking-block c, which serves to lock the the improved firearm consists of a main body breech-bolt closed, is movably and remov C, carrying, with the exception of the trigger, ably Connected to the under side of the re all the parts necessary for firing, for coupling ceiver Cl, so as to turn freely round one of its the lock to the barrel-that is to say, the lock ends, by means Of a small flattened cross-bar ing-block c-and for fixing the lock within slid between or engaged by claw-shaped pro the lock-case B. The lock-body C is provided jections aº Caº on the case ta. The other end with a longitudinal oblique bore or socket d", firing. breech-bolt. . . . . . .. 584,479 3. within which the spiral mainspring d, acting within or to the lock-case B when the arm is on two press-bolts cl and d, is placed. The completely mounted, as will be clearly under mainspring presses at one end against the tail stood from an inspection of the drawings. portion e of the hammer D and at its other For this purpose the spring h' acts upon the end against a hook d of the coupling device inclined part h of the pivot-pin h, so as to (l, carried by bearing-pins d, pivoted in suit force down the rear end of the lock-holder h, able cuts or recesses d8 in the side walls of whereby the latter, when the lock is in posi the lock C. The coupling device d serves, tion in the lock-case, abuts with its nose h through the power of the mainspring d, to in the recess h of the rear Wall of the lock 75 IO cause the advancing movement of the barrel case and prevents the lock and the barrel and the uncoupling of the locking-block c by from accidentally sliding out of the lock-case. pressing its hook d against a claw c' of the The lock-holder h is normally held in its locking-block c, thus causing the latter either holding position by the tail portion e of the to turn downward, whereby the breech-bolt b hammer D. (See Fig. 1.) is unlocked, or, when this cannot be done by In order to dismount the firearm-that is reason of the relative positions of the respec to say, to take off the barrel and to remove tive parts, causing an advancing movement of the lock from the lock-case-the hammer re the barrel to take place. It will be clearly quires to be full-cocked and the lock-holder 85 understood that in consequence of the lever turned up by means of its handle or lip h", age of the mechanisms the force applied to projecting through the rear of the lock far cause the advancing movement of the barrel enough to enable the nose h' to leave the re is by far greater than that causing the unlock cess hat the rear part of the lock-case, after ing of the locking-block. which the barrel and the lock can be pulled In the rear portion of the lock C is pivoted out of the lock-case. Without having pre the hammer l), the axis d of which has at viously cocked the hammer it is impossible one end a forked leaf or double spring d", (see to release the nose h from the recess h", be Fig. 10,) the one arm, f', of which acts upon cause the hammer prevents its rising suffi the trigger mechanism f, the other,h', serving ciently, and thus the barrel is secured against to keep down the lock-holding device h. Be becoming separated from the lock - case 95 sides being in operative connection with the through the firing of the arm. The rear end main spring d the hammer D is also directly of the lock-body is provided at both sides with in operative connection with the trigger-bar claw-shaped projections i, which by entering fand the safety device g. The trigger-barf, the recesses in in the case B and by clipping IOO under the influence of the above-mentioned the sides of the lock-case serve to prevent 35 arm f of the double spring, acts on a lever the lock from moving up or down when in f', so as to cause the sear-nose fof the latter position within the lock-case and at the same to set against the beake' of the hammer, thus time serve to hold together the Walls of the holding the latter cocked. lock-case. The front portion of the lock C The safety device g is pivoted by means of extends far enough upward to serve as an a bayonet-joint, preferably consisting of a ejector for the empty cartridge-cases, having pin f', having a key-shaped head g, which a nose or piece k, which partly projects into enters a similarly-shaped eye or socket g, the path or way of the breech-bolt, entering provided in the left side of the lock C, and a groove ic' therein and serves as an ejector, IO this device is held in both its extreme posi so that the empty cartridge case or shell on 45 tions by means of a catch or nippleg, which the opening of the breech strikes against the enters suitable recesses g in the side of the piece k and is thereby ejected. lock. When in the inactive position, the The arrangements of the lock-case for safety-nose f of the device rests and moves holding the barrel, the lock, and the firing I 15 in a groove or recess e” in the hammer D, and mechanism, as Well as the arrangement of the So When in the active position this nose enters magazine, are very simple. The front part the notches e ore', according as the hammer of the lock-case B forms the magazine B', the is to be secured in a cocked or uncocked po arrangements of which are similar to those sition. When the safety device is active, its described in the specification of British Pat I 2 ? nose g (see Fig. 9) enters a notch a' in the ent No. 15,390 of 1893. The cartridges m 55 under side of the receiver, (see Fig. 5,) and are stored on a plate m in the interior of the thus prevents the opening of the breech by magazine, which plate, being raised by a fixing of the barrel against rearward move spring m', brings the cartridges within the ent. path or Way of the breech-bolt b. The maga I 25 The setting of the safety device is effected zine-bottom is closed by a plate m, which is ?? by means of its handle or knob g', projecting held in its position by means of a spring-ac at the rear end of the lock. tuated bolt mand cannot be removed till There still remains to describe the last part the bolt n is pressed far enough up to per of the lock—viz., the lock-holder h, which is mit the plate m to be slid under it. The pivoted by means of a pin loat the under side plate n is provided at its rear end with a rib of the lock-body and is actuated by the arm n°, which when the magazine is emptied h' of the double spring d' and serves to hold comes against the front end b of the recoiled or couple the lock C, and with it the barrel, breech-bolt, thus preventing the advancing 584,479 movement of the latter. By this means the their initial positions and catch the newly user's attention is called to the fact that the cocked hammer without waiting for the re magazine is empty and to the necessity of re lease of the trigger p. For this purpose the 7 ? filling it, which refilling is effected in any trigger is pivoted to the trigger-guard piece Well-known manner, as by means of cartridge o, so that its nose p' shall act upon the nose holders. These holder's containing a suitable f' of the trigger-bar if only to the extent re number of cartridges may be introduced into quired for the release of the hammer. Then corresponding grooves n' in the side walls of by moving it farther it becomes disengaged the opening m in the receiver at the front from the trigger-bar f by pushing the nosef I. ? end of the same in such a manner that the of the latter upwardly against the projection cartridges from the holder are caused to drop o' on the piece O. The nose f is forced back into the magazine, after which the holder as the barf swings on its movable coupling is withdrawn from the receiver, when the f's with the lever funtil the nosef' is moved breech-bolt by being moved forward pushes off the trigger-mose p', whereupon the barf a cartridge into the barrel, whereupon the and lever f* are free and the trigger-bar f is caused by the springf' to return to its initial firearm is again ready for firing. If a partially-emptied magazine is to be position and to catch and hold the newly filled up, this may be done either by with cocked hammer. drawing the breech-bolt b by hand and sup In order that at the releasing of the trigger 2 ? plying a cartridge-holder, as before stated, or, the nose p' may be replaced beneath the nose if it is desired to fill in only a few single car lf of the trigger-bar in readiness for the next tridges, by withdrawing the breech-bolt and shot, said barf is pivoted by the coupling f fixing the same by slightly uncocking the to the lever f', so as to give way to or snap 9o hammer, the point no of which, abutting over the rearwardly-moving trigger-nose p" against a corresponding face in of the breech and enable the latter to pass under it, where bolt, will hold the latter back until the ham upon the influence of the spring f' returns it mer is recocked after the magazine is refilled. against the top of the nose p". If after this the hammer is recocked, the As already indicated, the dismounting and 95 breech-bolt is moved forward by its spring b° remounting of the parts of the firearm is very and pushes with it the uppermost cartridge simple, owing to the improved construction into the barrel in the manner before de and the absence of any screw. All parts are fixed to their holding-pieces by means of bay Scribed. Figs. I to 7 of the drawings show the ar onet-joints consisting, preferably, of pins hav OC rangements adopted for the lock-case for re ing key-shaped heads entering corresponding 35 ceiving and guiding the barrel and for re eyes, or by Snaps, catches, or interlocking ceiving and holding the lock in position. The portions, or rest against each other in Such a ribos Ca' at the upper edge of the lock-case manner as to permit of the dismounting and serve to guide the barrel and the groove h", remounting of the firearm without the aid of and cuts at the rear end of the lock-case tools. serve to hold or retain the whole of the up In operation the manipulation of the fire per mechanism within the same. The lock arm shown is also very simple and is limited rests with its upper part against the barrel, to the following operations: first, cocking of or, rather, against the receiver, and with its the hammer by withdrawing the breech-bolt; IIO lower part against the trigger-guard O, thus second, filling of the magazine, as by inser 45 fixing the latter in position. The trigger tion of a cartridge-holder, pushing down the guard piece O is secured in its proper posi cartridges from the holder until the magazine tion within the lock-case by means of pro is full, and then withdrawing the cartridge jections or pins O'o', entering suitable re holder; third, shooting by pulling the trigger II5 cesses of O' in the lock-case, and consists of till the store of cartridges is exhausted. After a strong curved plate carrying the trigger p these manipulations only three operations are and the trigger-spring q. The latter is double required for getting the firearm again ready ended and is made to act on both the trigger for firing-viz, again filling the magazine, as and the bolt or pin n, which locks the maga by the insertion of a cartridge-holder, push zine-bottom plate m in position. The plate ing down the cartridges, and withdrawing the 55 1° slides into a socket Y in the case B and cartridge-holder. has a recess m', receiving the pin in. As In a few words certain advantages of the shown at Figs. 18 and 19, the trigger-spring improved firearm may be stated to consistin, is fixed to the upper side of the trigger-guard first, the small number of and compact ar I25 piece by means of a hook O' by passing the rangement of the parts composing the arm; Jatter through the hole of in the spring and second, the facility for dismounting and re turning the Spring through a distance of mounting the firearm without the aid of any ninety degrees. tool; third, the absence of screws of any de The functions of the trigger are well known, scription; fourth, the applicability of the im but the peculiar construction of the improved provement to various kinds of firearms. firearm requires that the trigger-barf, and It will be seen that this invention provides with it the lever f* and its nosef, shall or improvements which can advantageously be dinarily return immediately after firing to availed of in whole or in part for various con 584,479 5 structions of ?irearms and which can be ob ment being caused solely by the momentum tained by various structural arrangements of acquired by the breech-bolt during its recoil the several parts going to make up the arm. movement with the receiver, which momen The bolt shown is a reciprocating bolt hav tum is sufficient to carry it back at least to ing no Oscillatory movement, and the bolt the fully-open position, at which it may be lock may be any suitable catch movable lat stopped in any suitable manner-as, for ex erally toward or from the bolt to lock or re ample, in the manner shown, wherein it is lease it, the bolt or its lock being reciprocally gradually arrested by the compression of its 75 contructed to interengage and effect the lock restoring-spring b. The independent rear O ing Of the bolt against longitudinal move Ward movement of the bolt in the construc ment when desiredl. The bolt-lock c shown tion shown is slightly in excess of the length is separably coupled to the receiver a, so that of the magazine. it Oscillates thereon on an axis near its for The first period ceases when the bolt-lock c Ward end and participates in the movements is disengaged from the breech-bolt, by which Of this receiver. The receiver C has a sub time the hammer has been cocked and is out stantially Scillare or rectangular receiving of the path of the bolt. The second period chamber (t", receiving and fitting the bolt, and of recoil movement ceases when the momen a bottom wall a, on which the lugs a are tum of the breech-bolt is overcome. formed and through which the aperture a It must be noted that in the construction 2 ? leads to the chamber a for permitting en shown the breech-bolt itself does not touch trance of the bolt-lock C to the bolt. The the hammer at all during the recoil, the ham tail c of the bolt-lock c engages any suitable mer being cocked merely by the momentum fixed or movable parts, as shown, for auto imparted to it by the projection a of the re matically operating the bolt-lock cat proper ceiver. This will be evident on consideration 25 times. of the fact that the point where this projec The lock C comprises a rigid frame or block tion strikes the hammer lies nearer to the the botton and side walls of which fit the pivot of the latter than does any part of the chamber r of the case B, which block carries breech-bolt. Therefore from the beginning 95 the haminer, mainspring, and trigger and of the recoil the projection Cin pushing the safety mechanism, and serves also to couple hammer rearwardly will remove the outer end all parts of the arm together when it itself is of the same from the end of the breech-bolt coupled in position in the lock-case. It pro more rapidly than the latter moves rear vides a convenient portion for the placing of wardly, as the breech-bolt has the same speed the faces desirable to the operation of the of rearward movement as has the receiver. 35 bolt-lock cand for the bearings for the various At the beginning of the second period of movable or separable portions of the mechan recoil-that is to say, when the breech-bolt is ism, so that the external walls of the lock freed-the bolt has only the same velocity as case IB may be imperforate side and bottom the receiver, and hence only the same veloc walls inclosing the breech mechanism. ity as that part of the hammer against which It will be understood that my improvements the receiver acted, as both of these parts de can be availed of according to such modifica rive their movement from the receiver and tions as circumstances or the judgment of are flung back merely by the momentum im those skilled in the art may dictate without parted to them thereby. Hence it follows IIIC departing from the spirit of the invention, that the hammer which at the end of the first 45 and that the invention is not limited to the period of recoil was at a distance from the re particular details of construction, arrange ceiver and which was then moving at a speed ment, or combination of the parts nor to the equal at least to the speed of movement of particular use hereinbefore set forth as con the latter cannot come in contact with the II 5 stituting the preferred form of my invention. breech-bolt during the subsequent rearward It will be seen that an important feature of movement thereof. my invention is that there are two distinct In practice it will be readily seen that the periods in the recoil movement of the parts. hammer is thrown to the fully-cocked posi During the first period the barrel and receiver tion by the short impulse imparted to it by H 2 ? and the breech-bolt remain immovably cou the receiver, which I have demonstrated by 55 pled together, and all move back through a clamping the bolt and receiver so together predetermined distance. In the construction that the bolt could not participate in the sec shown this distance approximately equals the ond movement, but was stopped with the re thickness of the front wall of the magazine. ceiver at the end of the first. In Such case I 25 It is during this first period of movement that the hammer flies back and is cocked exactly ?? the rear nose a of the receiver acts against as though the bolt had its independent move the hammer to cock it. its action is so forci ment. Practical use also demonstrates that ble that the momentum given to the hammer the momentum relied on to move the Several throws it to the fully-cocked position, even parts is abundant to effect the operations re though the receiver is itself arrested shortly quired of it. after acting against the hammer. During the Another important feature of improvement second period the breech-bolt and the parts in a recoil-operated arm is the provision for it carries alone move rearwardly, this move holding the recoiled parts in their rearward 6 584,479 position upon emptying of the magazine, so locking the breech-bolt thereto during part that the stored power for returning them and of the recoil movement, and a spring tending reloading the arm will not be lost in a useless to restore the barrel to its forward position, closing of the breech when no cartridge is in acting on the latter through said bolt-lock, the barrel. Any suitable means for effecting compressed by the rearward movement of the this may be employed, but I prefer the con barrel and releasing said bolt-lock. 4. In recoil-operated firearms, a movable struction hereinbefore described, wherein the barrel and a movable breech-bolt connected 75 feed-plate of the magazine, by rising in front thereto and movable there with and relatively of the bolt, prevents automatic return of the latter and of the receiver, thus holding the thereto, in combination with a bolt-lock for restoring-springs of both in their condensed said breech-bolt pivotally connected to said positions and saving the power thus stored barrel and moving there with, a spring com to automatically reload the arm and close the pressed by the rearward movement of said breech upon the refilling of the magazine or barrel and tending to restore it to its forward the depression of its feed-plate by pressing position, and a coupler between said spring the cartridge thereon. In the automatic arm and barrel, swinging relatively to the latter this plate not only saves the waste of the and acting against said bolt-lock, said coup stored power, but it performs also the well ler receiving the rearward movement of the known function of warning the user of the barrel and transmitting it to the spring, and emptiness of the arm by preventing forcible receiving the tension of the spring and trans return of the bolt. Upon noting this warn mitting it to the barrel for restoring the latter. ing the user will release the hammer by press 5. In recoil-operated firearms, a movable ing the trigger and will manipulate the bolt barrel, a movable breech-bolt, and a hammer, by hand until the hammer engages the shoul in combination with a spring receiving the 25 der n, and thereby holds the bolt retracted. rearward movement, of the barrel and react Then a cartridge-package can be forced into ing against the latter to restore it and against the magazine, whereupon by fully cocking the hammer, said barrel in its rearward move moving the hammer toward the cocked 95 the hammer by hand it will release the bolt, ment and the latter can then automatically move position, and compressing said spring, and forward, carrying the cartridge into the bar trigger mechanism catching said hammer in rel and closing the breech, as well as releas the cocked position. 6. In recoil-operated firearms a movable ing the bolt-lock c, which will then permit barrel and a movable hollow breech-bolt con IOO the barrel and receiver to automatically move nected thereto and moved rearwardly by the forward, thus placing the arm in position recoil, in combination with means for locking again for automatic operation. It Will also be noted that the barrel is com said breech-bolt, and a spring returning the pletely loaded and the breech fully closed be latter to its locked position and located within fore the barrel starts forward from its rear the hollow interior of said breech-bolt, and a Io5 connection between said spring and barrel ex ward position. What I claim is, in firearms, the following tending through the Wall of the breech-bolt. defined novel features and combinations, sub 7. In recoil-operated firearms, a barrel, a Stantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore receiver connected thereto, and a breech-bolt IO sliding in said receiver, in combination with Set forth, namely: 1. In recoil-operated firearms, a movable a spring within the breech-bolt tending to 45 barrel and movable breech-bolt operated by move it to the closed position, a projection the recoil, in combination with a bolt-lock within the breech-bolt against which said locking said parts together in the locked po spring reacts, fixed to the Wall of the receiver sition and freeing them during recoil, pivot and extending through the wall of the breech II 5 bolt, and a firing-pin within the breech-bolt ally connected at its forward part to the bar extending through the spring therein, means rel having a locking projection and free at its lear end, and then swinging toward and from for holding said pin retracted, and a hammer for operating said pin. the breech-bolt. 2. In recoil-operated firearms, a movable 8. In automatic firearms, a movable barrel I 2 C barrel and a movable breech - bolt carried and a receiver moving there with, and a mov able breech-bolt, all moved by the recoil, in said breech-bolt, locking the latter to the bar combination with a restoring - spring con rel during their movement together and free den sed by the recoil of said barrel, means ing the bolt at a predetermined time, and a locking said barrel in its recoiled position, a I 25 catch automatically holding said bolt-lock in restoring - Spring for said breech-bolt cori its inactive position and actuated by the re densed by the recoil of the latter and restor turn of the breech-bolt to release the bolt ing the bolt to its forward position for closing lock and permit the latter to relock the breech the breech while said barrel is locked in its rearward position, and means releasing said bolt. 3. In recoil-operated firearms, a movable barrel and permitting its spring to restore it barrel and movable breech-bolt operated by to the forward position when said breech-bolt the recoil, in combination with a bolt-lock has been restored. pivoted to the barrel, movable there with, and 9. In firearms, a barreland receiver, in com 55 thereby, in combination with a bolt-lock for 584,479 bination with a movable breech-bolt in the combination with a block fitting within the latter having an open rear end, a firing-pin interior of said case and carrying the lock within said breech-bolt, a spring holding said mechanism of the arm, and a spring-catch pin in position, and a coupling between said coupling said block within said case. pin and breech-bolt Separably engaging the 17. In firearms, a barrel and breech mech latter and when in position thereon engaged anism, in combination with a hollow lock by said pin and thereby prevented from sepa case, a hammer, a lock-block fitting within ration from said breech-bolt. said case and carrying part of the mechanism 75 10. In firearms, a barrel and receiver, in of the arm, a catch between said lock-block O combination with a breech-bolt in the latter and case separably coupling said parts to having an open end, a coupling lsliding trans gether, and reciprocal provisions between versely on the end of said breech-bolt, and a said hammer and catch preventing operation firing-pin within said breech-bolt and mov of the catch at a predetermined position of able axially thereof into engagement with and the hammer. engaging said coupling and preventing trans 1S. In firearms, a barrel and breech mech Verse movement thereof. anism, in combination with a lock-case car 11. In firearms, a barrel and receiver, in rying Said parts, lock mechahism. Within said combination with a breech-bolt within the lock-case, and a trigger for the arm beneath latter having an open rear end and transverse said mechanism, a trigger-guard separably grooves therein, a firing -pin within said coupled within said lock-case and carrying breech-bolt having a projecting rear end, a said trigger, and a trigger-spring carried by Spring holding said firing-pin rearwardly, and said trigger-guard and removable there with. a coupling to passing over the grooved end of 19. In recoil-operated firearms, a barrel and the breech-bolt and having a hole lopposite a breech-bolt and bolt-lock movable with the the end of said firing-pin and traversed by recoil, in combination with a lock-case carry the latter, whereby said firing-pin, breech ing said parts and connected thereto by sepa bolt and coupling are connected together and rable connections, and a lock-block fitting can be separated without the use of special within said lock-case, carrying part of the 95 tools. lock mechanism, and when in position pre 3O 12. In firearms, a barrel, a receiver, and a venting separation of said barrel, breech-bolt bolt-lock, in combination with a lock-case and Said case. carrying said parts and open at rear, and a 20. In a recoil-operated firearm, a barrel lock-block separably fitting the interior of moved rearwardly by the recoil and having ?. ? ? said lock-case beneath said breech-bolt and an extension a' and a nose a at rear striking bolt-lock, a hamlner and a hammer-spring the hammer and moving it to the cocked po carried by said block, a trigger carried by sition, a breech-bolt b connected to and mov said lock-case, and means for locking said ing with and independently of the barrel, said block Within said lock-case. barrel having a receiver a, inclosing said 13. In firearms, a barrel having a receiver, breech-bolt, in combination with a hammer and a movable breech-bolt therein, in combi in the path of said nose, and means causing nation With a bolt-lock separably coupled to said barrel and breech-bolt to move together, Said receiver beneath said breech-bolt, a lock said barrel moving rearwardly until its nose case carrying said parts, and a lock-block fit has impelled said hammer toward the cocked O ting within said lock-case below said bolt position and moved it away from said breech 45 lock, holding the latter in position on said re bolt, means simultaneously unlocking the ceiver, and separably coupled to said lock breech-bolt from the barrel and holding the case, a hamlmer carried by said block, and a barrel in a retracted position until the breech trigger connected to said lock-case. bolt has ejected the empty cartridge in its II5 14. In firearms, a barrel and breech-bolt, rearward movement, readvanced and fed an in combination with a lock-case carrying said other cartridge into the barrel, a spring re parts, a trigger connected to said lock-case, storing the breech-bolt to the locked position, and a lock-block fitting within said lock-case, means releasing the barrel from its rearward separably coupled thereto and having an ejec position, and means restoring it to the firing tor-nose in the path of a shell when carried position. 55 by said breech-bolt, a hammer, and a ham 21. In recoil-operated arms, a breech-bolt mer-spring. and a barrel movable with the recoil, in com 15. In firearms, a barrel, receiver and bination with means locking the breech-bolt breech-bolt, in combination with a lock-case and barrel together during their initial rear I25 carrying said parts, a trigger connected to ward movement, a spring condensed during said lock-case, and a lock-block within said this movement and tending to restore them case between said trigger and breech-bolt and to the firing position, means releasing the separably coupled therein, a hammer carried b